Foliar architecture of vanilloid orchids: insights into the evolution of reticulate leaf venation in monocotyledons
Abstract
Leaves of representative taxa within the vanilloid clade of Orchidaceae were cleared and their venation patterns studied. Within subtribe Pogoniinae,IsotriaandPogoniaexhibit a prominent reticulate venation pattern, although onlyPogonia ophioglossoidesis characterized by free vein endings. Within subtribe Vanillinae, all species ofEpistephium, as well as the New Caledonian endemics,Eriaxis rigidaandClematepistephium smilacifolium, have reticulate-veined leaves that are characterized by numerous free vein endings. Leaves of most species ofVanillaexhibit a parallel-veined pattern stereotypical of monocots, although branched secondaries with free endings were observed inV. africana. Most members of subtribe Galeolinae are «saprophytes» with reduced bract-like leaves. Vascular bundles enter these leaf-homologues in a parallel manner, but quickly ramify throughout the tissue in an irregular manner. Leaf venation is used to hypothesize patterns of generic relationships within the vanilloid clade. Molecular evidence for phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms indicates that reticulate leaf venation has arisen independently in several unrelated monocot families, including the vanilloid Orchidaceae, perhaps by a similar evolutionary scenario.
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รบกวนผู้เชี่ยวชาญศัพท์ทางวิทยาศาสตร์ช่วยแปลหน่อยค่ะ
Abstract
Leaves of representative taxa within the vanilloid clade of Orchidaceae were cleared and their venation patterns studied. Within subtribe Pogoniinae,IsotriaandPogoniaexhibit a prominent reticulate venation pattern, although onlyPogonia ophioglossoidesis characterized by free vein endings. Within subtribe Vanillinae, all species ofEpistephium, as well as the New Caledonian endemics,Eriaxis rigidaandClematepistephium smilacifolium, have reticulate-veined leaves that are characterized by numerous free vein endings. Leaves of most species ofVanillaexhibit a parallel-veined pattern stereotypical of monocots, although branched secondaries with free endings were observed inV. africana. Most members of subtribe Galeolinae are «saprophytes» with reduced bract-like leaves. Vascular bundles enter these leaf-homologues in a parallel manner, but quickly ramify throughout the tissue in an irregular manner. Leaf venation is used to hypothesize patterns of generic relationships within the vanilloid clade. Molecular evidence for phylogenetic relationships among angiosperms indicates that reticulate leaf venation has arisen independently in several unrelated monocot families, including the vanilloid Orchidaceae, perhaps by a similar evolutionary scenario.
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