1. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "Rachael Ray finds inspiration in cooking her family and her dog."
Appeal to authority
Equivocation
Amphiboly
Emphasis
2. Which term or terms (if any) are distributed in the following proposition: "No winters in Erie are snow-free."
Just the subject
Neither the subject nor the predicate
Both the subject and the predicate
Just the predicate
3. How do the views of Bentham and Kant compare on the question of what makes an action good or bad?
Kant thinks that promoting or inhibiting pleasure is what defines good and bad, while Bentham thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Kant thinks that the consequences are what makes actions good or bad, while Bentham thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Bentham thinks that the consequences are what makes actions good or bad, while Kant thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Bentham thinks that the Golden Mean is what makes actions good or bad, while Kant thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with the laws of society in place at the time
4.. What was the Stoics’ doctrine of “predestination”?
The belief that good and evil depend on oneself
The belief that all happenings in the world are fixed by God according to some preconceived plan
The belief that everything that exists is just a form of matter
The belief that virtue is the midpoint between two extremes of vice
5. Is the following argument deductive or inductive: "The house across the street has shown no signs of life for several days. The grass is overgrown. There are rain-soaked newspapers on the front porch. The people must be away on a trip."
Inductive
Deductive
6. Is the following proposition universal or particular: "Some dogs are faithful companions."
Particular
Universal
7.Does the following sentence count as a declarative proposition, in logic: “Shut the door!
No
Yes
8. Is the following argument deductive or inductive: "All Erieites are Pennsylvanians, Joe Schember is an Erieite, so I conclude that Joe Schember is a Pennsylvanian"
Deductive
Inductive
9. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "I would never vote for that candidate, he smells bad!"
Ad hominem
Fallacy of emphasis
Fallacy of composition
Appeal to sentiments
10. Which one of the following is NOT one of the four “cardinal virtues”?
Wittiness
Temperance
Justice
Prudence
11. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "There is no Pennsylvania university better than Gannon, therefore I conclude that Gannon is the best university in Pennsylvania."
Significance
Begging the question
Ad hominem
Emphasis
12. What did the Stoic philosophers mean by “indifference”?
The doctrine that all happenings in the world are fixed by God according to some preconceived plan
Not caring particularly about whether or not one's behavior is virtuous
Not caring particularly about things not in one's own control
Not being afraid of death, because death is "nothing" to us
13. Does the following sentence count as a declarative proposition, in logic: “There is iron ore on the other side of Pluto.”
Yes
No
14. In Plato's ideal model of government, what social class corresponds to the "appetitive" (desiring) part of human nature?
Rulers
Priests
Workers
Soldiers
15. Which "big issue" of philosophy does the following question belong to: "Is God the most reasonable explanation for the existence of the universe?"
Metaphysics
Ethics
Political philosophy
Logic
16. Which of the following phrases describes the "good life," according to Plato?
A life in which one seeks always to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number
A life of wise pleasure-seeking
A morally virtuous life, in which reason controls the appetites through the will
A life guided by the categorical imperative
17. According to the "5-Minute Philosopher," how does philosophy differ from religious belief, or mysticism?
Philosophy seeks truth by reason and argument, while religion is based on revelation or intuition
Philosophy seeks truth by observation and experiment, while religion is based on reason and argument
Religion seeks truth by reason and argument, while philosophy is based on revelation or intuition
Religion concerns itself with the "good life," while philosophy takes no interest in that issue
18. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "If someone stands up out of their seat at a football game, they can see better. Therefore, if everyone stands up, they can all see better."
Significance
Emphasis
Composition
Equivocation
19. What did John Stuart Mill believe to be the only justification for government to restrict the behavior of citizens?
To prevent harm to others, never for one's own good
Only to prevent people from making "lying promises"
Only to prevent violations of the laws of God
To prevent harm to oneself, never to prevent harm to others
20. What does Aristotle mean by the “Golden Mean”?
The principle that a virtuous action is one that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of excess and deficiency
The principle that by knowing the good, you will automatically act so as to achieve the good
The principle that those who act mean tend to acquire the most gold
The principle that a right action is one that promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest number
21. Is the following proposition affirmative or negative: "William is very unpleasant."
Affirmative
Negative
22. What did Thomas Hobbes think life was like in the “state of nature” (a hypothetical condition before governments arose)?
He described it as a state in which individuals lived solitary lives, in isolation from one another
He described it as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
He described it as mostly peaceful, good and pleasant
He described it as a condition in which specially trained philosophers ruled over everybody else
23. How did Locke differ from Hobbes on the question of human nature (what humans are like)?
Hobbes believed that man is by nature a social animal, while Locke believed man is not by nature a social animal; he claimed society could not exist except by the power of the state.
Locke believed humans are by nature pleasure-seekers, while Hobbes believed humans are not motivated by pleasure, but by religious motives (such as pleasing God)
Hobbes believed humans are by nature pleasure-seekers, while Locke believed humans are not motivated by pleasure, but by religious motives (such as pleasing God)
Locke believed that man is by nature a social animal, while Hobbes believed man is not by nature a social animal; he claimed society could not exist except by the power of the state.
24. How do the views of Hobbes and Locke compare on the question of whether it is ever allowable for citizens to seek to overthrow the government?
Hobbes thinks this is allowable if a ruler seeks absolute power, while Locke recognizes no right to rebel
Locke thinks this is allowable if a ruler seeks absolute power, while Hobbes recognizes no right to rebel
Locke thinks this is allowable only if a ruler is not a philosopher, while Hobbes thinks even philosophers could be overthrown
Locke thinks it is only allowable to overthrow the ruler if the ruler agrees to be overthrown, while Hobbes thinks the ruler can be overthrown even without his consent
25. Which ancient philosophy served as the basis for the modern psychotherapy approach as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?
Utilitarianism
Platonism
Stoicism
Aristotelianism
26. What is Epicurus' attitude concerning the fear of death?
He thinks it is nothing to fear, because we live on after death as spirits
He takes no position on whether or not death should be feared
He thinks there is no reason to fear death, because it cannot actually be experienced
He thinks fear of death is highly reasonable, and in fact encourages it, as a way of making the most of one's life
27. According to the "Five-Minute Philosopher," how does philosophy differ from science?
Science is interested in what the world is made of, while philosophers take no interest in this question
Philosophers seek truth by observation and experiment, while scientists try to clarify their own and other people’s thinking
Philosophy seeks truth by reason and argument, whereas science seeks truth by intuition or revelation
Scientists seek truth by observation and experiment, while philosophers try to clarify their own and other people’s thinking
28. What metaphysical theory did Epicurus base his ethics on?
atomistic materialism
Hedonism
Kant's categorical imperative
Stoic pantheism
29. Which type of categorical proposition is the following: "Some dogs are faithful companions."
A
O
E
I
30. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "If you're afraid of nuclear war, you had better vote for Lyndon Johnson this November."
Appeal to authority
Fallacy of composition
Fallacy of division
Appeal to sentiment
Can you answer all of these queations?
Appeal to authority
Equivocation
Amphiboly
Emphasis
2. Which term or terms (if any) are distributed in the following proposition: "No winters in Erie are snow-free."
Just the subject
Neither the subject nor the predicate
Both the subject and the predicate
Just the predicate
3. How do the views of Bentham and Kant compare on the question of what makes an action good or bad?
Kant thinks that promoting or inhibiting pleasure is what defines good and bad, while Bentham thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Kant thinks that the consequences are what makes actions good or bad, while Bentham thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Bentham thinks that the consequences are what makes actions good or bad, while Kant thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with moral duty
Bentham thinks that the Golden Mean is what makes actions good or bad, while Kant thinks good and bad are defined in terms of whether the action is in accord with the laws of society in place at the time
4.. What was the Stoics’ doctrine of “predestination”?
The belief that good and evil depend on oneself
The belief that all happenings in the world are fixed by God according to some preconceived plan
The belief that everything that exists is just a form of matter
The belief that virtue is the midpoint between two extremes of vice
5. Is the following argument deductive or inductive: "The house across the street has shown no signs of life for several days. The grass is overgrown. There are rain-soaked newspapers on the front porch. The people must be away on a trip."
Inductive
Deductive
6. Is the following proposition universal or particular: "Some dogs are faithful companions."
Particular
Universal
7.Does the following sentence count as a declarative proposition, in logic: “Shut the door!
No
Yes
8. Is the following argument deductive or inductive: "All Erieites are Pennsylvanians, Joe Schember is an Erieite, so I conclude that Joe Schember is a Pennsylvanian"
Deductive
Inductive
9. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "I would never vote for that candidate, he smells bad!"
Ad hominem
Fallacy of emphasis
Fallacy of composition
Appeal to sentiments
10. Which one of the following is NOT one of the four “cardinal virtues”?
Wittiness
Temperance
Justice
Prudence
11. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "There is no Pennsylvania university better than Gannon, therefore I conclude that Gannon is the best university in Pennsylvania."
Significance
Begging the question
Ad hominem
Emphasis
12. What did the Stoic philosophers mean by “indifference”?
The doctrine that all happenings in the world are fixed by God according to some preconceived plan
Not caring particularly about whether or not one's behavior is virtuous
Not caring particularly about things not in one's own control
Not being afraid of death, because death is "nothing" to us
13. Does the following sentence count as a declarative proposition, in logic: “There is iron ore on the other side of Pluto.”
Yes
No
14. In Plato's ideal model of government, what social class corresponds to the "appetitive" (desiring) part of human nature?
Rulers
Priests
Workers
Soldiers
15. Which "big issue" of philosophy does the following question belong to: "Is God the most reasonable explanation for the existence of the universe?"
Metaphysics
Ethics
Political philosophy
Logic
16. Which of the following phrases describes the "good life," according to Plato?
A life in which one seeks always to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number
A life of wise pleasure-seeking
A morally virtuous life, in which reason controls the appetites through the will
A life guided by the categorical imperative
17. According to the "5-Minute Philosopher," how does philosophy differ from religious belief, or mysticism?
Philosophy seeks truth by reason and argument, while religion is based on revelation or intuition
Philosophy seeks truth by observation and experiment, while religion is based on reason and argument
Religion seeks truth by reason and argument, while philosophy is based on revelation or intuition
Religion concerns itself with the "good life," while philosophy takes no interest in that issue
18. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "If someone stands up out of their seat at a football game, they can see better. Therefore, if everyone stands up, they can all see better."
Significance
Emphasis
Composition
Equivocation
19. What did John Stuart Mill believe to be the only justification for government to restrict the behavior of citizens?
To prevent harm to others, never for one's own good
Only to prevent people from making "lying promises"
Only to prevent violations of the laws of God
To prevent harm to oneself, never to prevent harm to others
20. What does Aristotle mean by the “Golden Mean”?
The principle that a virtuous action is one that is moderate, avoiding the extremes of excess and deficiency
The principle that by knowing the good, you will automatically act so as to achieve the good
The principle that those who act mean tend to acquire the most gold
The principle that a right action is one that promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest number
21. Is the following proposition affirmative or negative: "William is very unpleasant."
Affirmative
Negative
22. What did Thomas Hobbes think life was like in the “state of nature” (a hypothetical condition before governments arose)?
He described it as a state in which individuals lived solitary lives, in isolation from one another
He described it as solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
He described it as mostly peaceful, good and pleasant
He described it as a condition in which specially trained philosophers ruled over everybody else
23. How did Locke differ from Hobbes on the question of human nature (what humans are like)?
Hobbes believed that man is by nature a social animal, while Locke believed man is not by nature a social animal; he claimed society could not exist except by the power of the state.
Locke believed humans are by nature pleasure-seekers, while Hobbes believed humans are not motivated by pleasure, but by religious motives (such as pleasing God)
Hobbes believed humans are by nature pleasure-seekers, while Locke believed humans are not motivated by pleasure, but by religious motives (such as pleasing God)
Locke believed that man is by nature a social animal, while Hobbes believed man is not by nature a social animal; he claimed society could not exist except by the power of the state.
24. How do the views of Hobbes and Locke compare on the question of whether it is ever allowable for citizens to seek to overthrow the government?
Hobbes thinks this is allowable if a ruler seeks absolute power, while Locke recognizes no right to rebel
Locke thinks this is allowable if a ruler seeks absolute power, while Hobbes recognizes no right to rebel
Locke thinks this is allowable only if a ruler is not a philosopher, while Hobbes thinks even philosophers could be overthrown
Locke thinks it is only allowable to overthrow the ruler if the ruler agrees to be overthrown, while Hobbes thinks the ruler can be overthrown even without his consent
25. Which ancient philosophy served as the basis for the modern psychotherapy approach as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?
Utilitarianism
Platonism
Stoicism
Aristotelianism
26. What is Epicurus' attitude concerning the fear of death?
He thinks it is nothing to fear, because we live on after death as spirits
He takes no position on whether or not death should be feared
He thinks there is no reason to fear death, because it cannot actually be experienced
He thinks fear of death is highly reasonable, and in fact encourages it, as a way of making the most of one's life
27. According to the "Five-Minute Philosopher," how does philosophy differ from science?
Science is interested in what the world is made of, while philosophers take no interest in this question
Philosophers seek truth by observation and experiment, while scientists try to clarify their own and other people’s thinking
Philosophy seeks truth by reason and argument, whereas science seeks truth by intuition or revelation
Scientists seek truth by observation and experiment, while philosophers try to clarify their own and other people’s thinking
28. What metaphysical theory did Epicurus base his ethics on?
atomistic materialism
Hedonism
Kant's categorical imperative
Stoic pantheism
29. Which type of categorical proposition is the following: "Some dogs are faithful companions."
A
O
E
I
30. Which fallacy does the following example illustrate: "If you're afraid of nuclear war, you had better vote for Lyndon Johnson this November."
Appeal to authority
Fallacy of composition
Fallacy of division
Appeal to sentiment