อันนี้ของสำนักข่าวCNN
Monkeys were used to test diesel fumes, German carmakers say
German automakers have confirmed that researchers they commissioned used monkeys to test the health effects of inhaling diesel fumes.
Volkswagen (VLKAF), BMW (BAYRY) and Daimler (DDAIF), the owner of Mercedes, financed a 2014 study in which caged monkeys were reportedly forced to inhale fumes from a diesel Volkswagen.
The New York Times first reported on the study last week. The tests are also mentioned in the premier episode of the Netflix documentary series "Dirty Money."
The study was reportedly part of an attempt to prove that new diesel engines were cleaner than their predecessors. The New York Times said the test vehicle was rigged to reduce emissions, part of a much bigger scandal that would later cost Volkswagen billions.
"We believe that the scientific methods used to conduct the study were wrong and that it would have been better not to undertake it at all," Volkswagen said in a statement on Monday.
Volkswagen said the study was commissioned by the European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector (EUGT), an institute established by the three car makers and parts supplier Bosch.
Tests were conducted by the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, which is based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. But the project was "not completed or published" before the EUGT was dissolved in June 2017.
The New York Times reported that monkeys were shown cartoons during the tests to help keep them calm.
Hans Dieter Pötsch, chairman of Volkswagen's supervisory board, said he would "do everything possible to ensure that this matter is investigated in detail."
"Whoever is responsible for this must of course be held accountable," he added.
Daimler said in a statement that it has launched an investigation.
"We are appalled by the nature and extent of the studies and their implementation. We condemn the experiments in the strongest terms," the company said.
Daimler said, however, that all work commissioned with the EUGT was "accompanied and reviewed by a research advisory committee consisting of scientists from renowned universities and research institutes."
Representatives from BMW were not immediately available for comment.
The German government condemned the tests.
'These tests ... are in no ethical way justifiable and they raise many critical questions about those who are behind the tests," said Steffen Seibert, a spokesman for German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Germany has some of the strictest animal testing regulations in Europe. According to the German ministry of food and agriculture, the country has imposed a "near total ban on the use of apes as laboratory animals."
Related: Volkswagen used to love diesel. Not anymore
It's the latest example of fallout from Volkswagen's bombshell admission in 2015 that it had rigged millions of diesel cars worldwide to cheat on emissions tests.
U.S. prosecutors allege that its engineers knew as far back as 2006 that the company's new 2.0 liter diesel engine would not be capable of complying with regulations.
Related: Volkswagen's diesel scandal costs hit $30 billion
Volkswagen, which owns Audi, Porsche, Skoda and SEAT, resorted to cheating, exposing the industry to charges that dirty diesel engines are to blame for air pollution problems in Europe.
The cars had software installed that strictly limited emissions when the cars were being tested, then dumped up to 40 times the allowable levels of some pollutants when on the road.
As of late 2017, dealing with the scandal had cost Volkswagen a total of $30 billion.
-- Claudia Otto, Nadine Schmidt, Chris Liakos and Charles Capel contributed reporting.
______________________________________
อันนี้ของสำนักข่าวBBC
German shock at car exhaust tests on humans and monkeys
The German government has denounced experiments funded by German carmakers in which humans and monkeys reportedly inhaled diesel exhaust fumes.
German media say the health impact research was done by EUGT, a body funded by Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW.
Such tests could not be justified, the government said, demanding details. A minister called them "abominable".
Daimler also condemned them. VW is embroiled in a scandal over software that gave false diesel exhaust data.
In 2015 VW admitted having fitted "cheat" devices in the US that made their engines appear less polluting than they actually were.
EUGT was dissolved by the carmakers last year. The initials stand for European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector.
"These tests on monkeys or even humans cannot be justified ethically in any way," said Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman, Steffen Seibert.
Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks called the experiments "abominable" and expressed shock that scientists had agreed to conduct them.
Social Democrat politician Stephan Weil - a VW supervisory board member - called them "absurd and abhorrent". "Lobbying can be no excuse whatsoever for such testing," he said.
What do we know about the tests?
On Thursday the New York Times reported that the EUGT research was designed to counter a 2012 decision by the World Health Organization to classify diesel exhaust as a carcinogen.
It said that in 2014, EUGT had exposed 10 monkeys to fumes - in an air-tight chamber - from several cars, including a diesel VW Beetle. The testing took place at a lab in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Then at the weekend Germany's Stuttgarter Zeitung and SWR radio reported that 19 men and six women had inhaled diesel fumes in another EUGT experiment.
During a month of tests at a lab in Aachen, west Germany, they were exposed to various concentrations of diesel fumes, which contain toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx). The BBC has not seen the study itself, but German media say it was published in 2016.
At the time the carmakers were arguing that modern technology had cut pollution from diesel engines to safe levels. But VW was later found to have fitted "cheat" devices that rigged the emissions data.
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ช่วยหน่อยค่ะ
Monkeys were used to test diesel fumes, German carmakers say
German automakers have confirmed that researchers they commissioned used monkeys to test the health effects of inhaling diesel fumes.
Volkswagen (VLKAF), BMW (BAYRY) and Daimler (DDAIF), the owner of Mercedes, financed a 2014 study in which caged monkeys were reportedly forced to inhale fumes from a diesel Volkswagen.
The New York Times first reported on the study last week. The tests are also mentioned in the premier episode of the Netflix documentary series "Dirty Money."
The study was reportedly part of an attempt to prove that new diesel engines were cleaner than their predecessors. The New York Times said the test vehicle was rigged to reduce emissions, part of a much bigger scandal that would later cost Volkswagen billions.
"We believe that the scientific methods used to conduct the study were wrong and that it would have been better not to undertake it at all," Volkswagen said in a statement on Monday.
Volkswagen said the study was commissioned by the European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector (EUGT), an institute established by the three car makers and parts supplier Bosch.
Tests were conducted by the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, which is based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. But the project was "not completed or published" before the EUGT was dissolved in June 2017.
The New York Times reported that monkeys were shown cartoons during the tests to help keep them calm.
Hans Dieter Pötsch, chairman of Volkswagen's supervisory board, said he would "do everything possible to ensure that this matter is investigated in detail."
"Whoever is responsible for this must of course be held accountable," he added.
Daimler said in a statement that it has launched an investigation.
"We are appalled by the nature and extent of the studies and their implementation. We condemn the experiments in the strongest terms," the company said.
Daimler said, however, that all work commissioned with the EUGT was "accompanied and reviewed by a research advisory committee consisting of scientists from renowned universities and research institutes."
Representatives from BMW were not immediately available for comment.
The German government condemned the tests.
'These tests ... are in no ethical way justifiable and they raise many critical questions about those who are behind the tests," said Steffen Seibert, a spokesman for German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Germany has some of the strictest animal testing regulations in Europe. According to the German ministry of food and agriculture, the country has imposed a "near total ban on the use of apes as laboratory animals."
Related: Volkswagen used to love diesel. Not anymore
It's the latest example of fallout from Volkswagen's bombshell admission in 2015 that it had rigged millions of diesel cars worldwide to cheat on emissions tests.
U.S. prosecutors allege that its engineers knew as far back as 2006 that the company's new 2.0 liter diesel engine would not be capable of complying with regulations.
Related: Volkswagen's diesel scandal costs hit $30 billion
Volkswagen, which owns Audi, Porsche, Skoda and SEAT, resorted to cheating, exposing the industry to charges that dirty diesel engines are to blame for air pollution problems in Europe.
The cars had software installed that strictly limited emissions when the cars were being tested, then dumped up to 40 times the allowable levels of some pollutants when on the road.
As of late 2017, dealing with the scandal had cost Volkswagen a total of $30 billion.
-- Claudia Otto, Nadine Schmidt, Chris Liakos and Charles Capel contributed reporting.
______________________________________
อันนี้ของสำนักข่าวBBC
German shock at car exhaust tests on humans and monkeys
The German government has denounced experiments funded by German carmakers in which humans and monkeys reportedly inhaled diesel exhaust fumes.
German media say the health impact research was done by EUGT, a body funded by Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW.
Such tests could not be justified, the government said, demanding details. A minister called them "abominable".
Daimler also condemned them. VW is embroiled in a scandal over software that gave false diesel exhaust data.
In 2015 VW admitted having fitted "cheat" devices in the US that made their engines appear less polluting than they actually were.
EUGT was dissolved by the carmakers last year. The initials stand for European Research Group on Environment and Health in the Transport Sector.
"These tests on monkeys or even humans cannot be justified ethically in any way," said Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman, Steffen Seibert.
Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks called the experiments "abominable" and expressed shock that scientists had agreed to conduct them.
Social Democrat politician Stephan Weil - a VW supervisory board member - called them "absurd and abhorrent". "Lobbying can be no excuse whatsoever for such testing," he said.
What do we know about the tests?
On Thursday the New York Times reported that the EUGT research was designed to counter a 2012 decision by the World Health Organization to classify diesel exhaust as a carcinogen.
It said that in 2014, EUGT had exposed 10 monkeys to fumes - in an air-tight chamber - from several cars, including a diesel VW Beetle. The testing took place at a lab in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Then at the weekend Germany's Stuttgarter Zeitung and SWR radio reported that 19 men and six women had inhaled diesel fumes in another EUGT experiment.
During a month of tests at a lab in Aachen, west Germany, they were exposed to various concentrations of diesel fumes, which contain toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx). The BBC has not seen the study itself, but German media say it was published in 2016.
At the time the carmakers were arguing that modern technology had cut pollution from diesel engines to safe levels. But VW was later found to have fitted "cheat" devices that rigged the emissions data.
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พอดีเราต้องเอาข่าวจากสองสำนักนี้มาเปรียบเทียบกันประมาณว่าคนเขียนคิดยังไง?