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Runway designation marking
Application
➢ A runway designation marking shall be provided at the thresholds of a paved runway.
Recommendation.— A runway designation marking should be provided, so far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway.
Location
➢ A runway designation marking shall be located at a threshold as shown in Figure.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ A runway designation marking:
✓ shall consist of a two-digit number indicating the magnetic heading (azimuth) of the runway to the nearest 10 degrees when viewed from the direction of approach; and
✓ on parallel runways shall be supplemented with a letter.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ In the case of parallel runways, each runway designation number shall be supplemented by a letter as follows, in the order shown from left to right when viewed from the direction of approach:
— for two parallel runways: “L” “R”
— for three parallel runways: “L” “C” “R”
— for four parallel runways: “L” “R” “L” “R”
— for five parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “R” or “L” “R” “L” “C” “R”;
and
— for six parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “C” “R”.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ The numbers and letters shall be in the form and proportion shown in Figure.
➢ The dimensions shall be not less than those shown in Figure.
[Where the numbers are incorporated in the threshold marking, larger dimensions shall be used in order to fill adequately the gap between the stripes of the threshold marking.]
Runway centre line marking
Application
➢ A runway centre line marking shall be provided on a paved runway.
Location
➢ A runway centre line marking shall be located along the centre line of the runway between the runway designation markings as shown in Figure 5-2, except when interrupted in compliance with 5.2.1.1.
Runway centre line marking
Characteristics
➢ A runway centre line marking shall consist of a line of uniformly spaced stripes and gaps.
➢ The length of a stripe plus a gap shall be not less than 50 m or more than 75 m.
➢ The length of each stripe shall be at least equal to the length of the gap or 30 m,
whichever is greater.
Runway centre line marking
Characteristics
➢ The width of the stripes shall be not less than:
—0.90 m on precision approach category II and III runways;
—0.45 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 3 or 4, and precision approach category I runways; and
— 0.30 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 1 or 2, and on non-instrument runways.
Threshold marking
Application
➢ A threshold marking shall be provided at the threshold of a paved instrument runway, and of a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by international commercial air transport.
Recommendations.—
✓ A threshold marking should be provided at the threshold of a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by other than international commercial air transport.
✓ A threshold marking should be provided, so far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway.
Threshold marking (continued)
Location
The stripes of the threshold marking shall commence 6 m from the threshold.
Characteristics
A runway threshold marking shall consist of a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the centre line of a runway as shown in Figure (A) and (B) for a runway width of 45 m.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
The number of stripes shall be in accordance with the runway width as follows:
Runway widthNumber of stripes
18 m 4
23 m6
30 m8
45 m12
60 m16
except that on non-precision approach and non-instrument runways 45 m or greater in width, they may be as shown in Figure (C) [optional pattern].
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ The stripes shall extend laterally to within 3 m of the edge of a runway or to a distance of 27 m on either side of a runway centre line, whichever results in the smaller lateral distance.
➢ Where a runway designation marking is
placed within a threshold
marking there shall be a
minimum of three stripes
on each side of the
centre line of the runway.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ Where a runway designation marking is placed above a threshold marking, the stripes shall be continued across the runway.
➢ The stripes shall be at least 30 m long and approximately 1.80 m wide with spacings of approximately 1.80 m between them.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ Where the stripes are continued across a runway, a double spacing shall be used to separate the two stripes nearest the centre line of the runway.
➢ In the case where the designation marking is included within the threshold marking this spacing shall be 22.5 m.
Threshold marking (continued)
Transverse stripe
Recommendation.— Where a threshold is displaced from the extremity of a runway or where the extremity of a runway is not square with the runway centre line, a transverse stripe as shown in Figure (B) should be added to the threshold marking.
➢ A transverse stripe shall be not less than 1.80 m wide.
Arrows
➢ Where a runway threshold is permanently displaced, arrows conforming to Figure (B) shall be provided on the portion of the runway before the displaced threshold.
➢ When a runway threshold is temporarily displaced from the normal position, it shall be marked as shown in Figure (A) or (B) and all markings prior to the displaced threshold shall be obscured except the runway centre line marking, which shall be converted to arrows.
Notes.—
1)In the case where a threshold is temporarily displaced for only a short period of time, it has been found satisfactory to use markers in the form and colour of a displaced threshold marking rather than attempting to paint this marking on the runway.
2) When the runway before a displaced threshold is unfit for the surface movement of aircraft, closed markings are required to be provided.
Aiming point marking
Application
➢ An aiming point marking shall be provided at each approach end of a paved instrument runway where the code number is 2, 3 or 4.
Recommendation.— An aiming point marking should be provided at each approach end of:
a)a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4,
b)a paved instrument runway where the code number is 1, when additional conspicuity of the aiming point is desirable.
Aiming point marking (continued)
Location
➢ The aiming point marking shall commence no closer to the threshold than the distance indicated in the appropriate column of Table.
➢ On a runway equipped with a visual approach slope indicator system, the beginning of the marking shall be coincident with the visual approach slope origin.
a.The greater dimensions of the specified ranges are intended to be used where increased conspicuity is required.
b.The lateral spacing may be varied within these limits to minimize the contamination of the marking by rubber deposits.
c.These figures were deduced by reference to the outer main gear wheel span which is element 2 ofthe aerodrome reference code.
Aiming point marking (continued)
Location
➢ An aiming point marking shall consist of two conspicuous stripes.
➢ The dimensions of the stripes and the lateral spacing between their inner sides shall be in accordance with the provisions of the appropriate column of Table.
➢ Where a touchdown zone marking is provided, the lateral spacing between the markings shall be the same as that of the touchdown zone marking.
Touchdown zone marking
Application
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall be provided in the touchdown zone of a paved precision approach runway where the code number is 2, 3 or 4.
Recommendation.— A touchdown zone marking should be provided in the touchdown zone of a paved non-precision approach or non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and additional conspicuity of the touchdown zone is desirable.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall consist of pairs of rectangular markings symmetrically disposed about the runway centre line.
➢ The marking is to be displayed at both the approach directions of a runway.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ The number of pairs is related to the landing distance available.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall conform to either of the two patterns shown in Figure.
➢ For the pattern shown in Figure (A), the markings shall be not less than 22.5 m long and 3 m wide.
➢ For the pattern shown in Figure (B) each stripe of each marking shall be not less than:
- 22.5 m long; and
- 1.8 m wide with a spacing of 1.5 m
between adjacent stripes.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ The lateral spacing between the inner sides of the rectangles shall be equal to that of the aiming point marking where provided.
➢ Where an aiming point marking is not provided, the lateral spacing between the inner sides of the rectangles shall correspond to the lateral spacing specified for the aiming point marking.
➢ The pairs of markings shall be provided at longitudinal spacings of 150 m beginning from the threshold.
[Pairs of touchdown zone markings coincident with or located within 50 m of an aiming point marking shall be deleted from the pattern.]
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
Recommendation.— On a non-precision approach runway where the code number is 2, an additional pair of touchdown zone marking stripes should be provided 150 m beyond the beginning of the aiming point marking.
Runway side stripe marking
Application
➢ A runway side st
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ช่วยแปลคำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษเกี่ยวกับการบินหน่อยค่ะ (Runway Markings.)
Runway designation marking
Application
➢ A runway designation marking shall be provided at the thresholds of a paved runway.
Recommendation.— A runway designation marking should be provided, so far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway.
Location
➢ A runway designation marking shall be located at a threshold as shown in Figure.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ A runway designation marking:
✓ shall consist of a two-digit number indicating the magnetic heading (azimuth) of the runway to the nearest 10 degrees when viewed from the direction of approach; and
✓ on parallel runways shall be supplemented with a letter.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ In the case of parallel runways, each runway designation number shall be supplemented by a letter as follows, in the order shown from left to right when viewed from the direction of approach:
— for two parallel runways: “L” “R”
— for three parallel runways: “L” “C” “R”
— for four parallel runways: “L” “R” “L” “R”
— for five parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “R” or “L” “R” “L” “C” “R”;
and
— for six parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “C” “R”.
Runway designation marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ The numbers and letters shall be in the form and proportion shown in Figure.
➢ The dimensions shall be not less than those shown in Figure.
[Where the numbers are incorporated in the threshold marking, larger dimensions shall be used in order to fill adequately the gap between the stripes of the threshold marking.]
Runway centre line marking
Application
➢ A runway centre line marking shall be provided on a paved runway.
Location
➢ A runway centre line marking shall be located along the centre line of the runway between the runway designation markings as shown in Figure 5-2, except when interrupted in compliance with 5.2.1.1.
Runway centre line marking
Characteristics
➢ A runway centre line marking shall consist of a line of uniformly spaced stripes and gaps.
➢ The length of a stripe plus a gap shall be not less than 50 m or more than 75 m.
➢ The length of each stripe shall be at least equal to the length of the gap or 30 m,
whichever is greater.
Runway centre line marking
Characteristics
➢ The width of the stripes shall be not less than:
—0.90 m on precision approach category II and III runways;
—0.45 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 3 or 4, and precision approach category I runways; and
— 0.30 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 1 or 2, and on non-instrument runways.
Threshold marking
Application
➢ A threshold marking shall be provided at the threshold of a paved instrument runway, and of a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by international commercial air transport.
Recommendations.—
✓ A threshold marking should be provided at the threshold of a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by other than international commercial air transport.
✓ A threshold marking should be provided, so far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway.
Threshold marking (continued)
Location
The stripes of the threshold marking shall commence 6 m from the threshold.
Characteristics
A runway threshold marking shall consist of a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the centre line of a runway as shown in Figure (A) and (B) for a runway width of 45 m.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
The number of stripes shall be in accordance with the runway width as follows:
Runway widthNumber of stripes
18 m 4
23 m6
30 m8
45 m12
60 m16
except that on non-precision approach and non-instrument runways 45 m or greater in width, they may be as shown in Figure (C) [optional pattern].
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ The stripes shall extend laterally to within 3 m of the edge of a runway or to a distance of 27 m on either side of a runway centre line, whichever results in the smaller lateral distance.
➢ Where a runway designation marking is
placed within a threshold
marking there shall be a
minimum of three stripes
on each side of the
centre line of the runway.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ Where a runway designation marking is placed above a threshold marking, the stripes shall be continued across the runway.
➢ The stripes shall be at least 30 m long and approximately 1.80 m wide with spacings of approximately 1.80 m between them.
Threshold marking (continued)
Characteristics
➢ Where the stripes are continued across a runway, a double spacing shall be used to separate the two stripes nearest the centre line of the runway.
➢ In the case where the designation marking is included within the threshold marking this spacing shall be 22.5 m.
Threshold marking (continued)
Transverse stripe
Recommendation.— Where a threshold is displaced from the extremity of a runway or where the extremity of a runway is not square with the runway centre line, a transverse stripe as shown in Figure (B) should be added to the threshold marking.
➢ A transverse stripe shall be not less than 1.80 m wide.
Arrows
➢ Where a runway threshold is permanently displaced, arrows conforming to Figure (B) shall be provided on the portion of the runway before the displaced threshold.
➢ When a runway threshold is temporarily displaced from the normal position, it shall be marked as shown in Figure (A) or (B) and all markings prior to the displaced threshold shall be obscured except the runway centre line marking, which shall be converted to arrows.
Notes.—
1)In the case where a threshold is temporarily displaced for only a short period of time, it has been found satisfactory to use markers in the form and colour of a displaced threshold marking rather than attempting to paint this marking on the runway.
2) When the runway before a displaced threshold is unfit for the surface movement of aircraft, closed markings are required to be provided.
Aiming point marking
Application
➢ An aiming point marking shall be provided at each approach end of a paved instrument runway where the code number is 2, 3 or 4.
Recommendation.— An aiming point marking should be provided at each approach end of:
a)a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4,
b)a paved instrument runway where the code number is 1, when additional conspicuity of the aiming point is desirable.
Aiming point marking (continued)
Location
➢ The aiming point marking shall commence no closer to the threshold than the distance indicated in the appropriate column of Table.
➢ On a runway equipped with a visual approach slope indicator system, the beginning of the marking shall be coincident with the visual approach slope origin.
a.The greater dimensions of the specified ranges are intended to be used where increased conspicuity is required.
b.The lateral spacing may be varied within these limits to minimize the contamination of the marking by rubber deposits.
c.These figures were deduced by reference to the outer main gear wheel span which is element 2 ofthe aerodrome reference code.
Aiming point marking (continued)
Location
➢ An aiming point marking shall consist of two conspicuous stripes.
➢ The dimensions of the stripes and the lateral spacing between their inner sides shall be in accordance with the provisions of the appropriate column of Table.
➢ Where a touchdown zone marking is provided, the lateral spacing between the markings shall be the same as that of the touchdown zone marking.
Touchdown zone marking
Application
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall be provided in the touchdown zone of a paved precision approach runway where the code number is 2, 3 or 4.
Recommendation.— A touchdown zone marking should be provided in the touchdown zone of a paved non-precision approach or non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and additional conspicuity of the touchdown zone is desirable.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall consist of pairs of rectangular markings symmetrically disposed about the runway centre line.
➢ The marking is to be displayed at both the approach directions of a runway.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ The number of pairs is related to the landing distance available.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ A touchdown zone marking shall conform to either of the two patterns shown in Figure.
➢ For the pattern shown in Figure (A), the markings shall be not less than 22.5 m long and 3 m wide.
➢ For the pattern shown in Figure (B) each stripe of each marking shall be not less than:
- 22.5 m long; and
- 1.8 m wide with a spacing of 1.5 m
between adjacent stripes.
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
➢ The lateral spacing between the inner sides of the rectangles shall be equal to that of the aiming point marking where provided.
➢ Where an aiming point marking is not provided, the lateral spacing between the inner sides of the rectangles shall correspond to the lateral spacing specified for the aiming point marking.
➢ The pairs of markings shall be provided at longitudinal spacings of 150 m beginning from the threshold.
[Pairs of touchdown zone markings coincident with or located within 50 m of an aiming point marking shall be deleted from the pattern.]
Touchdown zone marking (continued)
Location and characteristics
Recommendation.— On a non-precision approach runway where the code number is 2, an additional pair of touchdown zone marking stripes should be provided 150 m beyond the beginning of the aiming point marking.
Runway side stripe marking
Application
➢ A runway side st
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