The clinical signs are varies from per-acute to chronic. B. canis rossi is a highly virulent blood parasite and causes per-acute and acute disease, but B. canis vogeli causes a moderate form. In puppy, B. canis vogeli causes severe clinical sign, whereas clinical signs are often mild in adult dogs. The previous studies demonstrated that, the severity of B. canis rossi is higher than B. canis vogeli with the mortality of about 12% for B. canis rossi and about 1% for B. canis vogeli. B. canis rossi isolate is highly pathogenic. By contrast, the infected dog caused by B. canis vogeli is less affected.
    The previous studies have showed that renal hypoxia, met-hemoglobinuria and cytokine induced by Babesia are related to renal damage. In addition, the study of ultrasonography showed the increasing of echogenicity and corticomedullary ratio in canine babesiosis and glomerulonephritis was reported.
         The presence of proteinuria, renal tubular casts, and epithelium cell which represent the renal damage are detected in both complicated and uncomplicated babesiosis. The previous report showed that B. canis rossi affected renal function in the infected dog. The urinary markers of infected dogs showed statistically significant different of urinary immunoglobulin G (uIgG), urinary C-reactive protein (uCRP) and urinary retinol-binding protein (uRBP) compared with healthy dogs. So, uIgG, uCRP and uRBP should be used as urinary markers for canine babesiosis.
          The aim of the current study was to assess the renal dysfunction in the infected dogs caused by B. canis vogeli which is the major Babesia species in Thailand, using uIgG), uCRP and uRBP as urinary markers.